If we talk about brain cells, we definitely think of neurons. They are undoubtedly the process of brain most famous, but they are not the only ones…and they are not the most abundant, not by a long shot. The human brain is estimate to contain over 100 million neurons; each neuron has ten glial cells. This giant substance occupies brain cells and makes up a class of substances call glial cells, or glial cells. And his studio is in full swing today. In fact, when it comes to glial cells, it’s like many other structures: for a long time, they were thought to serve no function…until their purpose and importance were discovered. They were discovered by German doctor Rudolf Virchow in 2001, and for more than a century it was thought they were just filler, occupying the spaces between neurons.
The Latin root for glial is “glue”
But today we know, and we see it in different studies such as “Glia: more than just a special glue”, that its activity is crucial for good brain function. Various Types of Glial Cells Schwann cells are. The only cells present in the peripheral Russia Mobile Number Database nervous system (PNS), the nerves found throughout the body. In the central nervous system (CNS), we find three types of glial cells: microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. These are the ones we are most interested in because they are specifically related to neuroinflammation. In normal conditions, the functions of these cells are important: Support neuronal function Increase transmission speed They produce neuronal growth factors that regulate neurogenesis They collect waste products that neurons dump into the extracellular space But they do more than just support and assist neurons and plays a decisive role in neuroinflammation.
The classic example is microglia
To help you understand it, let’s remember what we told you about macrophages and immunometabolism in this article about immunometabolism. We say that these have been found to be immunoregulatory cells that rely on their metabolic Thailand Phone Number List activity to generate one or another response. Both enhancing and regulating inflammation. Microglia followed a similar pattern. So, under stable conditions, they circulate in the brain, performing their functions: regulating neurogenesis, remodeling synapses, collecting waste products… However, from this resting state, they can act in a similar manner to macrophages. Evolve in two ways: Towards a pro-inflammatory M phenotype, which aims to eliminate pathogens. Or repair tissue damage Towards an anti-inflammatory or M phenotype, which aims to resolve inflammation and thereby restore homeostasis.
